附：重点动词辨析
1. range；vary；change；alter；transform；turn；reform
range一个范围内的变动，一般与from连用表示从….到….变化。也可以是名词，(1) 一系列：a range of。(2) 变化范围，幅度。
Prices range from ￡6 to ￡10.
价钱从六英镑到十英镑不等。
The children’s ages range from 8 to 15 .
这些孩子们的年龄在8岁到15岁之间。
vary 不规则的、断断续续的因人而异的变化
Opinions on this point vary.
对这一点看法各异。
Old people don’t like to vary their habits.
老年人不喜欢改变他们的习惯。
change 改变的与原物完全不同，以旧换新的变化
Why did I change my mind ?
我为什么要改变主意呢？
I wish I could go back in time and change everything .
我希望我能回到过去并及时改变一切。
Perhaps we can change your working hours a bit if you wish .
如果你希望也许我们可以改变一下你的工作时间。
alter 局部的，外表的变化，但特点不变
As times alter, men’s affections change.
时过境迁。 Affection 喜好
Can you alter this suit for me ?
你可以为我修改这套衣服吗？
Change of habit cannot alter Nature .
改变习惯却不能改变天性。
transform 比vary 更彻底的变化。变革。
Marriage has completely transformed her.
结婚使她完全改变了。
Let us transform this company .
让我们来实现整个公司的变革。
turn 外表，颜色，气味，性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗。
He used to be a linguist till he turns into a writer.
他过去是个语言学家, 后来成了作家。
When she saw this, she turned red.
看到这个, 她脸红了。
Severe cold turned our ears pink.
严寒冻红了我们的耳朵。
reform 改革
We are reforming our economic system.
我们正在改革我们的经济体制。
随着中国的改革开放事业的不断深化，中国媒体得到了飞速的发展。
With the further development of China’s reform and opening-up, Chinese media have exhibited rapid development
2. transfer；transform；transmit；transport；transit；transplant; transact
transfer 转移，转让
The company has transferred to an eastern location.
这家公司已搬到东部某地。
I intend to transfer the property to my son.
我想把这笔财产转给我儿子。
另：transfer，divert，convert的区别：
convert vt.转变，变换，含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
divert v.转移，使转向，着重改变后的结果，后常接介词from。
A loud noise diverted everyone’s attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。
transfer n.转移，转让；(工作的)调动；(旅途中的)换乘，改变路线。
The club’s goalkeeper isn’t happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快，已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。
transform 彻底的改变
transmit 传播，传导（信号，天线，疾病等）
The station transmits from 6 a.m. until midnight.
电台从早晨六点开始播音, 一直持续到半夜。
Insects can transmit diseases.
昆虫能传播疾病。
Glass transmits light but not sound.
玻璃传导光, 但不传导声音。
transport 运输。名词或动词。另：transportation 交通运输，名词。
A bus transported us from the airport to the city.
一辆公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。
The economic impact of transportation has also been great .
交通对经济的影响也是很大的。
transit 转移，中转,过境。名词或动词。
Transit to Macau through Hong Kong has been blocked entirely .
过境香港前往澳门的路被完全封堵了。
Your luggage is still in transit . ;
你的行李还在运送中。
transplant 移植；移种；移居。
brain transplant
脑部移植
A group of farmers were transplanted to the island by the government.
一批农民被政府迁到这个岛上居住。
He patiently showed us how to transplant rice.
他耐心地教我们插秧。
transact 交易，谈判；办理，处理。
I’ll transact some business in London。 我要在伦敦办点事。
We’ll transact with them for business。我们要就商业问题进行谈判
3. occur；happen；take place。注意：这三个词都没有被动语态。
happen强调偶然性；碰巧
What would happen if your parents found out?
如果你的父母发现了, 会怎样呢?
There happen to be no money with me.
另：happen的用法：(1) Something +happened+时间/地点; (2)Something+happened +to sb发生; (3) Somebody+happened to do something碰巧;(4) It happened that... 碰巧
E.g. The story happened in 2003.
A car accident happened to her this morning
I happened to meet a friend in the street.
It happened that you and I were at home.
take place指有计划的使某事发生
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
The evening party will take place on New Year's Eve.
晚会将在除夕那天举行。
occur是一般用词，可指某事情偶然发生或者按照计划进行，在表示具体失去的名词作主语的时候，可与happen换用，但比较正式，跟to短语时，表示“想到”，而不是“发生”，
I hope this won't occur again.
我希望不要再发生这种事情。
It never occurred to me that he would become a lawyer.
我从来也不会想到他能成为一名律师。
It never occurred to me that I had seen her before somewhere.
我想不起来以前我在哪儿见过她。
It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked.
我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。
4. comprise；constitute；compose，make up；consist;resist;insist；assist；persist；exist；convey ；confront ；confirm ；conform；conduct ；convert ；confuse；conquer ；confess；confine； consult
comprise 及物动词，两种用法，整体和部分都可以在前，常用语主动语态，也可以用被动。be comprised of。
The fishing fleet comprises around 70 boats.
捕鱼船队由大约70艘渔船组成。
Ten chapters comprise Book One.
十章构成第一卷。
His lunch was comprised of many different meats and vegetables .
他的午餐包含了不同的肉类和蔬菜。
An apartment / unit that is comprised of two levels .
公寓/单元，包括两个楼层。
Constitute 两个意思 (1)组成，构成。部分做主语，整体做宾语。(2) 建立，制定。常用语主动语态。
Seven days constitute a week .
七天合成一个星期。
The three parts constitute the whole program .
三部分组成了整个程序。
compose 一般用被动语态 be composed of，整体作主语，部分做宾语。
The company is composed of 5 departments .
这个公式是由五个部门组成的。
consist 只能用作主动。不及物动词，常用搭配是consist of。整体作主语，部分作宾语。
A week consist of seven days .
一星期由七天组成。
Computer systems consist of hardware and software .
计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。
另：重点：consist，resist，insist，assist，persist，exist的区别。
consist vi. 常用两种搭配。(1) consist of 由...组成; (2) consist in =lie in 体现在，在于...。
Tolerance consists in respecting different opinions.
宽容体现在尊重不同的观点上。
resist vt. 反抗，抵抗。
Resist negative influence 抵制负面影响。
I can resist everything except temptation. 除了诱惑我什么都能抵抗。
insist vi. 意思是“坚持” 常用insist on
If you insist on doing something, do it everyday. 如果你希望坚持做某件事，那就坚持每天做。
assist vt， 援助，帮助 ，assistant 助手，助理。
Please assist her in moving the furniture.请帮助她搬家具。
persist vi，坚持，常用persist in。
exist vi，存在于... 常用exist in 。
We exist in air。 我们生存在空气之中。We can’t exist without air。
另：con开头的词：consist 由...组成；convey 传达，表达；confront 面对；confirm 确认，证实；conform符合、与…一致；conduct 经营，管理，实施等；convert 改变，转变；confuse混乱，混淆；conquer 征服; confess承认；confine限制、监禁； consult 打听，咨询。
5. interfere；intervene；interrupt；irritate；annoy；trouble；disturb；offend
interfere 干预，干涉。不及物动词。常与 with，in连用 。指未获允许干涉他人的事情
I have never let my schooling interfere with my education .
我从未让学校教育影响到我接受的教育。
Don’t interfere in my affairs .
别干涉我的事情。
It’s unwise to interfere between husband and wife .
干预别人夫妇间的事是不明智的。
intervene 干涉，干预，介入。书面用语，语气较重。常与in 连用。指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人的事情。
You’d better not intervene in their dispute .
你最好还是不要介入他们的争端。
We should have found a way to intervene in the debate .
我们应该寻求调解争端的方法。
interrupt 打断。vi和vt都可。注意和break in 的区别。interrupt指打断（说话无法继续），break in指插话（说话仍可继续），非法闯入。
He interrupted the teacher’s explanation and put forward his own opinion.他打断了老师的讲解并提出了自己的观点。
It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking .
别人谈话时，打断别人的话是不礼貌的。
irritate 激怒，使恼怒
His remarks irritated me a little.
他的话让我有点儿恼火。
Your interruptions only serve to irritate the entire staff.
你的打扰只能让激怒全体的员工。
annoy 烦恼；苦恼。
The sound of footsteps on the bare floor annoyed the downstairs neighbors.
楼上地板的脚步声吵得楼下住户心烦。
trouble麻烦
What troubles me is that the supply of raw materials is not ensured.
使我担忧的是原料供应没有保证。
May I trouble you to shut the door?
麻烦你把门关上好吗?
disturb 打扰，妨碍, (打扰了动作还可以继续)
My sister always disturbs me when I study. 我妹妹总是在我学习时打扰我。
Sorry disturb you so early .
这麽早打扰你真对不起。
I’m sorry to disturb you at this late hour .
这么晚了还打电话给您，真是抱歉。
offend 冒犯
I don’t want to offend anyone at any time。我不想在任何时候得罪任何人
6. rise；arise；arouse，raise
首先， rise,arise 是不及物动词; raise,arouse是及物动词;其次，rise 意为“升起，增高,增涨”----- rise（rose，risen）
The sun rose at seven o’clock. 太阳七点钟升起。
The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。
arise意为“出现，产生” -------- arise（arose，arisen）
且arise from“起源于，发生于”固搭。
Problems arose from the outset.一开始就产生了很多问题。
Accidents always arise from the carelessness.许多事故都源于粗心。
raise意为“增加，举起；提高” 易考到
招募：to raise an army
养育、栽培：to raise a family
提高raise salaries工资, raise the rent租金。
举起raise one’s hand
提出问题 raise a question
arouse意为“激起，唤醒；使... 奋发”
(1) arouse one’s interest / sympathy
“唤起某人的兴趣 / 同情心”
(2) arouse sb. 唤醒某人
He fell into a sound sleep, don’t arouse him.
他睡熟了，别唤醒他。
7. be attracted to/by; be drawn to; be involved in; be concentrated on
be attracted to/by 被…所吸引
The children are always attracted to/by toy section of department stores .
孩子们总是被百货商店玩具部所吸引。
Each time I went to Hangzhou, I was attracted by the beauty of nature .
每次我去杭州，都被美丽的自然风景所吸引。
be concentrated on 集中于
I am concentrated on what I am doing here .
我已经将精力集中于我在这里要做得事情了。
Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets overseas.
许多公司正在集中精力开拓它们的海外市场。
be involved in 涉及，卷入，陷入
Scientists widely believe that human activity is involved in global warming .
科学家广泛地相信人类的活动与全球变暖有关。
be drawn to 被….所吸引。
I am drawn to that girl ; I get good vibration from her .
我被那女孩吸引住了，她使我产生良好的感觉。
I’m drawn to clothing that expresses a part of my personality .
我会被能够表现我个性一部分的衣服所吸引。
8. embarrass；disappoint；discourage；disappear；disaster 注意：dis前缀一般指否定
embarrass 使尴尬，使窘促不安
Girls embarrass easily.
女孩子遇事容易感到局促不安。
disappoint 使失望
I really hate to disappoint you .
我其实真不愿意让您失望。
I’m sorry disappoint you , but I can’t come after all.
使你失望我心里不安，不过我实在是不能来。
discourage使气馁，失去信心。阻止，阻碍
Don’t let one failure discourage you.
勿因一次失败而气馁。
His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor .
他的父母企图阻止他去当演员。
disappear消失，失踪
It is like a dream , but will never disappear .
像一场梦，但又永远不会消失。
disaster 灾难
This is a disaster for American business .
对美国商业来说，这是个大灾难。
9. affect； effect；impact；infect；reflect；remind；influence
affect 动词，影响。affect＝have an effect on。
This article will affect my thinking .
这篇文章将影响我思考。
The tax increases have affected us all.
加税已经影响了我们所有的人。
effect 名词：影响，效果，效应。常常与on连用;effect 作动词意为实现，引起。
The news did not affect her at all.＝The news had no effect on her at all.
The direct effect is obvious.
直接的效果是明显。
The noise effect on my work.
噪声影响了我工作.
The news did not affect her at all.＝The news had no effect on her at all.
这条消息对她没有一点影响。
The temperature often effects a change of the state of matter.
温度常常引起物态的变化。
The medicine effected nothing.
此药不灵。
He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司发生了巨大的变化。
impact 动词或名词：影响。指具体事件的影响（一般指收入，利润，利益等）
The computer had made a great impact on modern life.
计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。
These costs will impact on our profitability.
这些费用会影响到我们的利润。
infect 传染，感染。
Every patient of bad cold will possibly infect the others around .
任何一个重感冒患者都可能传染给周围的人。
Then these people can infect other people .
然后他们也会感染其他人。
reflect 反射，反映
A mirror reflects.
镜子能映出影像。
The white sand reflected the sun's heat.
白色的沙子能反射太阳的热量。
Does this letter reflect how you really think?
这封信反映你的真实想法吗?
remind 使某人想起某事 常常用remind of
Remind her to come earlier tomorrow morning. 
提醒她明天上午早点来。
The photo reminds me of the good old days.
这张照片让我想起了往昔美好的时光。
influence影响，“感化”。侧重于内在的，潜移默化的影响使一个人的行为或思想发生改变。
The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us.
工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。
It’s all too easy to be influenced by our parents.
我们容易受父母的影响。
The book give the reader long-lasting influence.
这本书对读者产生了长远影响。
Her advisement has no influence on her.
她的劝告对她毫无影响.
10. adjust；adapt；adopt；suit；fit
adjust (1)适应；(2)调整，校对+to 。主要用于调整角度、高度、光线等。
I must adjust the brakes of my bike .
我必须要调一调我自行车的刹车。
You can adjust the color on the TV by turning this knob .
你可以按这个钮调节电视的色彩。
adapt (1)适应。一般用于适应新的条件或环境; (2)改编，编写。
She knew how to adapt herself to the new environment.
她懂得如何适应新的环境。
Many of Dickens’ books have been adapted as films.
狄更斯的许多书都已改编成电影。
adopt (1)收养，抚养; (2)采用，采纳。
Many childless couples adopt children.
许多无子女的夫妇收养孩子。
The government adopt a free trade policy .
政府采取了自由贸易政策。
He earnestly recommended us to adopt his plan .
他热切地建议我们采取这个计划。
suit 做动词时，表明适合要求，宾语一般是人。做名词指：一套衣服。
Would Friday morning suit you ?
星期五早上对你合适吗?。
Does the pair of new shoes suit you ?
那双新鞋你合适吗？
fit 一般用词，vi & vt。指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。一般指衣服，事物等适合，符合某人或某一用途。宾语一般是物。
The hat fits perfectly.
这顶帽子挺合适的。
A great fit for our economic era .
非常适合我们的经济时代。
11. prevent；preserve；observe；reserve；deserve；forbid；ban；prohibit；object；reject；refuse；neglect；restrain ；oppose；fight
prevent (1)预防; (2)阻止
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds.
维生素C可以预防感冒。
We shall come tomorrow if nothing prevents.
如没有什么阻碍的话, 我们明天来。
Nobody can prevent our from getting married.
谁也阻止不了我们结婚。
preserve 保护，保持，维持。
We must preserve our natural resources.
我们必须保护自然资源。
Policemen preserve order in the streets .
警察们维持着街道的秩序。
observe观察，注意
Take some time and observe how you value yourself and what you do. 花时间去观察一下你自己以及你所做工作的价值。
Did you ever observe to whom the accidents happen?
你是否曾观察过谁制造意外的发生？
reserve储备；保存；保留
You must reserve your strength for the tennis final.
你必须为网球决赛保存力量。
We must reserve some of this corn for next year's seed.
我们必须把这种玉米留出一些作为明年的种子。
deserve需要；值得
You car deserves cleaning. 你需要洗车。
No matter how busy or tired you are, your kids deserve this time with you.
无论你有多么忙，这段和你一起的时间是你的孩子应得的。
forbid 禁止.一般指由于较小的事物或个人，比如长辈，上司，或客观条件等禁止条件，一般用 forbid sb to do sth。
I forbid you to stay out after midnight .
我禁止你半夜后仍待在外面。
I forbid you the use of my tape recorder .
我不许你用我的录音机。
ban 禁止，指由于社会压力或谴责而禁止做某事。一般用 ban….from sth/doing
She thinks we shouldn’t ban kids from playing video games because forbidden fruit is always more attractive .
她认为她们不应该禁止儿童玩电子游戏，因为被禁之物往往更加具有吸引力。
prohibit 禁止。指法律等做出的正式规定的禁止。一般用prohibit sb from sth/doing
The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark.
天黑后士兵不准离开营房。
object 后加 to 为介词，意思是：反对
They all object to discussing this problem .
他们都反对讨论这个问题。
Do you object to my smoking ?
你反对我抽烟吗？
I don’t suppose they will object to my suggestion .
我想他们不会反对我的建议的。
reject vt. 拒绝，排斥
I rejected his suggestion.我不同意他的建议。
If you do not want to do that, reject them completely. 如果您并不想这样做，就完全地拒绝它。
refuse vt. 拒绝，不接受。语气比reject强硬。两者区别不是很大。
She refused his invitation to the tea party.他请她参加茶会，她拒绝了他的邀请。
neglect 疏忽，忽视
No matter how busy you are, never neglect your health.
不管你有多忙，永远不要忽视健康。
restrain vt，抑制，克制，约束。名词：restraint。
I can not restrain my excitement about the news .
听到这消息我无法控制我的兴奋之情。
He restrain his intense wish to speak to her .
他抑制不住想和她说话的强烈愿望。
oppose vt或vi，反对。一般用oppose + sth 或 be opposed to do sth
It was courageous of him to oppose his chief .
他敢反对他的上司，真是勇敢。
Those who oppose the suggestion , raise your hand , please .
反对该提议的人请举手。
Night is opposed to day .
夜晚与白天对立。
We are firmly opposed to the policy of a Procrustean bed .
我们坚决反对强求一致的政策。
fight 打架，斗争。fight against 反对。
We must all fight against cruelty and unfairness .
我们都应该反对残忍和不公平的事。
12. intend to； tend to；incline to ；lean to；be apt to
intend to 打算做某事，主语一般是人
I intend to to visit you last night , but it rained .
昨晚我打算拜访你但天下雨了。
tend to 有….的倾向，后接动词不定式，主语可以是人也可以是物。
But we always tend to take this for granted .
但我们总是理所当然地接受这爱。
Older people tend to retire earlier and live longer these days .
如今的老年人都退休比较早而他们的寿命也比以往更长。
incline to 常用被动语态 be inclined to do sth 使某人倾向于…，使某人有意思做..
The little girl is too inclined to be cheated .
这个小女孩很容易上当受骗。
She was inclined to accept his suit .
她很愿意接受他的求婚。
Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths .
大众传媒倾向于报道灾害和死亡。
lean to 向….倾斜。意思为动作的倾斜。
The old house leans to the right at a dangerous angle.
那所老宅向右斜得很危险。
be apt to = tend to 倾向于
be apt to lose one’s temper爱发脾气
13. acquire；require；inquire；request；obtain；contain；sustain；retain；maintain
acquire 取得，获得= obtain
How did he acquire the great wealth ?
他是怎麽获得大量财富的？
I will acquire strength of winning everything !
我将获得战胜一切的力量！
require 需要，需求
They do not require very much water .
他们并不需要很多的水
All living beings require food.
一切生物都需要食物。
inquire 打听，咨询
I inquired the way to the station.
我打听去火车站怎么走。
I will inquire when to begin our lessons.
我要去问一下我们什么时候开始上课。
request 请求，要求。
Workers requested a raise in the wage.
工人们要求提高工资。
He requested that they should come early.
他请求他们要早来。
obtain=acquire 取得，获得
You can also obtain knowledge through practice.
你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。
contain 包含
The bowl contained a variety of fruits.
这个碗里包含各种各样的水果。
sustain维持，保持，sustain 的原意是“支撑”，常引申出维持生命、生活、生长、发展等
We forgot that peace is harder to prepare for and sustain than war.
我们忘记了和平比起战争更难准备和维持。
The supplies of food were scarcely enough to sustain life.食品的供应仅够勉强维持生命。
retain 留下，保留
You must retain your school reports.
你必须将学习成绩单保留好。
maintain 指维持或保持（已有的水平、标准）
She has mang bills to pay. It is hard for her to sustain a decent lifestyle on her slim salary.
她有好多账单要付，靠她微薄的薪水难以维持像样的生活方式。
It is essential that our hospitals and schools should be maintained constantly reliable electricity supplies.
我们的医院和学校必须不断保持可靠的电力供应，这一点很重要。
14. cure，heal；recover；treat；remedy
cure 治愈内科疾病，感冒，发烧，肚子疼，头疼等内科疾病。
Cure a cold.
heal 治愈外伤，伤口，烧伤等外科疾病。
The wound has not yet healed.
伤口尚未愈合。
The surgeon healed the soldier’s bullet wound in the leg.
医生治好了那位士兵腿部的枪伤。
recover 恢复（体力，健康，能力等）
How much he might recover is still not clear .
目前仍不确定他可以恢复多少。
treat 普通用词，宾语一般是人。指接受并治疗病人。
The dentist is treating my teeth.
牙科医生给我治牙。
remedy 补救，修正
Find your reason and try to remedy by changing your ways.
找到你的原因并通过改变你的生活方式来进行补救。
What can be done to remedy the situation?
如何来补救这情形？
15. harm；hurt；wound；injure；damage；disable；spoil；destroy；ruin；wreck
harm 指身体或感情上受伤，一般用 do harm to somebody
Eating too much do harm to our health .
吃得太多有害于健康。
Smoking will do harm to your health.
吸烟有害于您的健康。
hurt 多指感情上受伤，及物动词，直接+ somebody
He hurt his leg while playing football.
他踢足球时伤了腿。
I didn't hurt your pride on purpose.
我不是故意伤害你的自尊心。
wound 指在战争，暴力或武器中受的伤（人为因素）
The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.子弹打伤了他的肩膀。
injure 在事故，灾难中受伤（自然因素）
In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured.
在交通事 故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。
He was so injured in his pride that he stayed at home all day without meeting anyone.
他的自尊受到了如此的伤害以至于他成天待在家里，不见外人。
damage 指无生命物体的损坏，破坏
This cloth damages easily.
这件衣服很容易坏。
Wool usually damages if washed in hot water.
毛织物用热水洗一定会受 损。
disable 受伤致残
The accident disabled him for work.
这起事故使他丧失了工作能力。
spoil 由于纵容或者你爱造成的性情的扭曲。溺爱，宠坏。
Some parents spoil their children , so much so that they never ask them to do any housework .
有些父母是如此地溺爱孩子，以至于从不让他们干家务活。
destroy 指彻底的破坏
It seems he's destroying himself.
他似乎正在毁灭自己。
ruin 由于外部原因，致使彻底毁灭。
The storm ruined our wheat.
暴风雨毁坏了我们的小麦。
wreck特指船只，车辆，飞机等交通工具的毁坏
the ship wrecked at sea.
这艘船在海上遇难。
He was killed in a car wreck。他在一场车祸中丧生。
The little girl survived in the plane wreck。
在一次飞行事故中，这个小女孩幸存了下来。
16. strike at；strive for；stick to；stand for; survive on; suffer from; succeed in
strike-struck-stricken (1)打击，敲击; (2)给某人以深刻的印象。(3)罢工
Disasters can strike at any time .
灾害可能会在任何时候降临。
The enemy will strike at down .
敌人将在黎明时分发动进攻。
strive for/ after 为…而努力，奋斗
Cherish today and strive for tomorrow .
珍惜今天，为明天去奋斗。
stick to 粘住，黏住；坚持做…
Stick to it and you will be successful .
坚持你的梦想，你终将会获得成功。
I stick to my opinion for all that.
尽管如此，我还是坚持我的意见。
stand for 代表，支持，象征。
He always stand for what is right .
他对正确的事情总是支持。
The Olympic rings stand for the five parts of the world .
奥运（五）环代表了世界的五大洲。
Pigeon and green stand for peace .
鸽子和绿色象征着和平。
survive on 靠…活下来；靠…生存
How Do Giant Pandas Survive on Bamboo?
大熊猫如何靠竹子存活？
suffer from 忍受…;遭受…的痛苦
How long have you been suffering from a headache?
你头痛有多久了?
succeed in +doing sth 成功的完成某事
She has succeeded in any role that she played in her films.
她在每部影片中扮演的角色均获得了成功。
He succeeded in his business.
他在自己的事业上获得成功。
17. accuse，charge，direct，scold，blame，curse
accuse+ of 指责，指控
accuse sb. of a crime
指控某人犯罪
I don’t think anyone can accuse me of not being frank .
我认为没有人会指责我不坦率。
Some people accuse them of doing good things only for the positive publicity .
有些人指控他们做好事只是为了想获得好名声。
charge 动词或名词。(1) 收费; (2) 控告; (3)掌管，负责
accuse:普通用词，正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用。被指控的情节可轻可重。常与of连用; charge:常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。
They charged that the police had beaten three students to death.
他们指控警察将三名学生殴打致死。
I have to appear in court on a charge of drunken driving .
我被控告醉酒驾驶而要出庭受审。
另：in charge of/take charge of 负责
The teacher is in charge of the class.
这位教师负责这个班。
I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
下周厂长不在时, 我将负责整个工厂。
The cook is in charge of the kitchen helpers.
这位厨师负责管理厨工。
direct 指挥，指导，指引
The general manager directed the company through a difficult time.
总经理带领公司渡过了难关。
He directed three movies.
他导演了三部影片。
scold 责骂，责备
She is always scolding.
她总是骂个不停。
Don’t scold the child. It’s not his fault.
别责怪那孩子, 那不是他的过错。
blame 责备，责怪
He blamed Tom for the failure．他责怪汤姆造成了失败。
scold:普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
blame:普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
curse 诅咒，咒骂。
You can not curse others .
你不可以诅咒别人。
Do not curse him ! I believe he is an honorable man .
不要诅咒他！我相信他是正直的人。
18. seat，sit
seat和sit作为动词，都可以表示“坐”的意思。Seat用作名词：座位，作为动词意为“使某人就坐”所以一般用被动。
(1) seat是及物动词，比较正式，常以被动形式表示主动意义。如：
He is seated between Jack and Tom. 她坐在杰克和汤姆之间。
Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.) 请坐。
(2) sit通常作不及物动词用，比较口语化。如：
The students are sitting at their desks. 学生们正坐在课桌旁。
Sit down, please. 请坐。
19. attribute to； contribute to； devote to；dedicate to；owe to
attribute to 认为…是; 归因于
He attributes his success to working hard.
他认为他的成功是艰苦工作的结果。
When we get success , we may attribute it to hard work .
自己取得成功时，我们会说这是自己努力的结果；
contribute (1)促成，导致，有助于（可以指好的事情，也可以是坏的事情）(2)投稿，撰稿 + to
Smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer.
吸烟是致癌的一个重要因素。
She regularly contributes to the college magazine.
她定期给校刊投稿。
devote to 把所有....都花在... ，致力于....（程度比contribute to 深，没有dedicate 深）
After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.
毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。
He has devoted himself to teaching since he graduated from the college in 1982.
一九八二年他大学毕业后一直献身于教育工作。
dedicate to ，献(身)于…; 把(时间、精力等)用于…（程度最深）
He dedicated his life to the cause of education.
他献身于教育事业。
He felt that medicine was the most important cause to which he could dedicate himself.
他觉得医学是他能够为之献身的最重大的事业。
She dedicated her life to fighting corruption.
她毕生致力于对抗腐败。
owe to (1)欠…(某物); (2)应该感谢; 把…归功于
He owes 50 yuan to his friend.
他欠朋友50元钱。
He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.
他把他身体健康归功于运动和有规律的生活。
I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.
多亏你我才大难不死。